在用多孔性固體物質處理流體混合物時(shi),流體中的某一組(zu)分或某些組(zu)分可(ke)被吸(xi)(xi)(xi)表面并濃集其上(shang),此(ci)現象(xiang)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附。吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附處理廢氣(qi)(qi)時(shi),吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附的對象(xiang)是(shi)氣(qi)(qi)態污染物,氣(qi)(qi)固吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附。被吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附的氣(qi)(qi)體組(zu)分稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附質,多孔固體物質稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附劑(ji)。
吸收(shou)法(fa)采用低(di)揮(hui)發(fa)或(huo)不揮(hui)發(fa)性溶劑對VOCs進行吸收(shou),再(zai)利用VOCs和吸收(shou)劑物理(li)性質的差異進行分(fen)離。
含VOCs的氣(qi)體(ti)自吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)塔底部(bu)(bu)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)塔內,在(zai)(zai)上升過(guo)程(cheng)中與來(lai)自塔頂的吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)劑(ji)逆流(liu)接觸,凈化(hua)后(hou)的氣(qi)體(ti)由塔頂排出。吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)了VOCs的吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)劑(ji)通過(guo)熱交換器后(hou),廢氣(qi)處理設備進(jin)入(ru)(ru)汽提塔頂部(bu)(bu),在(zai)(zai)溫度(du)(du)高于吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)溫度(du)(du)或壓力低于吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)壓力的條件下解(jie)吸(xi)(xi)。解(jie)吸(xi)(xi)后(hou)的吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)劑(ji)經(jing)過(guo)溶劑(ji)冷(leng)凝(ning)器冷(leng)凝(ning)后(hou)回到吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)塔。解(jie)吸(xi)(xi)出的VOCs氣(qi)體(ti)經(jing)過(guo)冷(leng)凝(ning)器、氣(qi)液分離器后(hou)以較(jiao)(jiao)純的VOCs氣(qi)體(ti)離開汽提塔,被回收(shou)(shou)(shou)利用。該工(gong)藝適合于VOCs濃度(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)高、溫度(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)低的氣(qi)體(ti)凈化(hua),其他情況(kuang)下需要作相應的工(gong)藝調整。
固體表面吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)了吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)質后,一(yi)部被(bei)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)質可從吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)劑表面脫離,此(ci)(ci)現附(fu)。而當吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)進(jin)行一(yi)段時間后,由(you)于表面吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)質的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)集,使其吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)能(neng)力明顯(xian)下降而吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)凈化的(de)(de)(de)要求,此(ci)(ci)時需要采用(yong)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)施使吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)劑上已吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)質脫附(fu),以協的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)能(neng)力,這個過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)稱為吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)劑的(de)(de)(de)再(zai)生。因此(ci)(ci)在實際吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong),正是(shi)利用(yong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)一(yi)再(zai)生一(yi)再(zai)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)的(de)(de)(de)循環過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng),達到除去廢氣中(zhong)污染物(wu)質并回收廢氣中(zhong)有(you)用(yong)組(zu)分(fen)。