在用多孔(kong)性(xing)固體(ti)(ti)(ti)物(wu)質(zhi)處理流體(ti)(ti)(ti)混(hun)合物(wu)時,流體(ti)(ti)(ti)中的某一組分(fen)或某些組分(fen)可被吸表(biao)面并濃集其上(shang),此現(xian)象稱(cheng)為(wei)吸附。吸附處理廢氣(qi)時,吸附的對(dui)象是氣(qi)態污染物(wu),氣(qi)固吸附。被吸附的氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)組分(fen)稱(cheng)為(wei)吸附質(zhi),多孔(kong)固體(ti)(ti)(ti)物(wu)質(zhi)稱(cheng)為(wei)吸附劑(ji)。
固體(ti)表面(mian)(mian)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附了吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附質(zhi)后,一(yi)部被吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附的(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附質(zhi)可從吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附劑表面(mian)(mian)脫(tuo)離,此現附。而當吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附進行一(yi)段(duan)時(shi)間后,由于(yu)表面(mian)(mian)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附質(zhi)的(de)濃集(ji),使(shi)其吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附能力(li)明顯下降而吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附凈(jing)化的(de)要求,此時(shi)需(xu)要采用一(yi)定(ding)的(de)措(cuo)施(shi)使(shi)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附劑上已吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附的(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附質(zhi)脫(tuo)附,以協的(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附能力(li),這(zhe)個(ge)過(guo)程稱為吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附劑的(de)再(zai)(zai)生。因(yin)此在實際吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附工程中,正是利用吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附一(yi)再(zai)(zai)生一(yi)再(zai)(zai)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附的(de)循環過(guo)程,達到除(chu)去廢氣中污染物質(zhi)并回收廢氣中有用組分。