在(zai)用多孔性(xing)固體(ti)物(wu)質(zhi)處理流體(ti)混合(he)物(wu)時,流體(ti)中的(de)(de)某一(yi)組分或(huo)某些組分可(ke)被吸(xi)(xi)表面并濃(nong)集其(qi)上,此(ci)現象稱為(wei)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)。吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)處理廢氣時,吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)的(de)(de)對(dui)象是氣態污染物(wu),氣固吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)。被吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)的(de)(de)氣體(ti)組分稱為(wei)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)質(zhi),多孔固體(ti)物(wu)質(zhi)稱為(wei)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)劑。
固(gu)體(ti)表面吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)了吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,一(yi)部被吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)的吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)從吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)劑表面脫(tuo)離,此現附(fu)(fu)(fu)。而(er)當吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)進行(xing)一(yi)段時間后,由(you)于表面吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的濃集,使(shi)其吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)能力(li)明(ming)顯下降而(er)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)凈(jing)化的要求,此時需要采用一(yi)定的措施使(shi)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)劑上已吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)的吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)脫(tuo)附(fu)(fu)(fu),以協(xie)的吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)能力(li),這(zhe)個過程(cheng)稱為(wei)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)劑的再(zai)生。因此在(zai)實際(ji)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)工(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong),正是利用吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)一(yi)再(zai)生一(yi)再(zai)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)的循環過程(cheng),達到(dao)除去廢(fei)氣中(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)染物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)并回收廢(fei)氣中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)用組分。