在用多孔(kong)性固(gu)體物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)處理(li)流體混(hun)合物(wu)(wu)(wu)時,流體中的某一組分或某些組分可(ke)被(bei)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)表面并(bing)濃集其上(shang),此現(xian)象稱(cheng)為吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)。吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)處理(li)廢氣(qi)(qi)(qi)時,吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)的對(dui)象是(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)態污(wu)染物(wu)(wu)(wu),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)固(gu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)。被(bei)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)的氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體組分稱(cheng)為吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)質(zhi),多孔(kong)固(gu)體物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)稱(cheng)為吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)劑。
固體表面(mian)吸(xi)(xi)附了(le)吸(xi)(xi)附質(zhi)后,一部被吸(xi)(xi)附的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)附質(zhi)可(ke)從吸(xi)(xi)附劑表面(mian)脫(tuo)離,此現附。而當吸(xi)(xi)附進行一段時間(jian)后,由于表面(mian)吸(xi)(xi)附質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)集,使(shi)其(qi)吸(xi)(xi)附能(neng)力明顯(xian)下降(jiang)而吸(xi)(xi)附凈化的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu),此時需要采用(yong)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)措施使(shi)吸(xi)(xi)附劑上(shang)已吸(xi)(xi)附的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)附質(zhi)脫(tuo)附,以協的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)附能(neng)力,這個(ge)過程稱(cheng)為吸(xi)(xi)附劑的(de)(de)(de)再生。因此在實(shi)際吸(xi)(xi)附工(gong)程中(zhong)(zhong),正是利用(yong)吸(xi)(xi)附一再生一再吸(xi)(xi)附的(de)(de)(de)循環(huan)過程,達(da)到除去廢氣中(zhong)(zhong)污染物(wu)質(zhi)并回收廢氣中(zhong)(zhong)有用(yong)組分。