在(zai)用多孔(kong)性固體(ti)(ti)物(wu)質(zhi)處(chu)理流體(ti)(ti)混合物(wu)時(shi),流體(ti)(ti)中的某一組分或某些組分可被吸(xi)(xi)(xi)表面并濃集其(qi)上,此現象稱為(wei)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)。吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)處(chu)理廢氣時(shi),吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)的對象是(shi)氣態污染物(wu),氣固吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)。被吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)的氣體(ti)(ti)組分稱為(wei)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)質(zhi),多孔(kong)固體(ti)(ti)物(wu)質(zhi)稱為(wei)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)劑。
固(gu)體表(biao)面(mian)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)了吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,一部(bu)被吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可從吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)劑(ji)表(biao)面(mian)脫離,此現附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。而當吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)進行一段時間后,由于表(biao)面(mian)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)濃集,使(shi)其吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)能力(li)明顯下降(jiang)而吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)凈化(hua)的(de)(de)要(yao)求,此時需要(yao)采用(yong)一定的(de)(de)措施(shi)使(shi)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)劑(ji)上已吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)脫附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),以協的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)能力(li),這個過程稱為(wei)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)劑(ji)的(de)(de)再生。因此在實(shi)際吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)工程中,正是利用(yong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一再生一再吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)循環過程,達到(dao)除去(qu)廢(fei)氣中污染物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)并回收廢(fei)氣中有用(yong)組分。