在用(yong)多孔(kong)性固(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)物(wu)質(zhi)處(chu)理(li)流體(ti)(ti)混合(he)物(wu)時,流體(ti)(ti)中的某一(yi)組分或某些組分可(ke)被吸表(biao)面并(bing)濃集其上(shang),此(ci)現象(xiang)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)吸附。吸附處(chu)理(li)廢氣(qi)時,吸附的對象(xiang)是(shi)氣(qi)態污染物(wu),氣(qi)固(gu)(gu)吸附。被吸附的氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)組分稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)吸附質(zhi),多孔(kong)固(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)物(wu)質(zhi)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)吸附劑(ji)。
固體表(biao)面(mian)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)了(le)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,一部被吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可從吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)劑(ji)表(biao)面(mian)脫離,此現附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。而當吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)進行一段時間后,由于表(biao)面(mian)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)濃(nong)集,使(shi)其吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)能力明顯下降而吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)凈化的(de)要(yao)(yao)求,此時需要(yao)(yao)采用一定的(de)措施使(shi)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)劑(ji)上已(yi)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)脫附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),以(yi)協的(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)能力,這個過程稱為吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)劑(ji)的(de)再生。因此在實際吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)工程中(zhong),正(zheng)是利用吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一再生一再吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)循環(huan)過程,達到除去廢氣(qi)中(zhong)污染物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)并回收廢氣(qi)中(zhong)有用組分(fen)。