在用多孔性固(gu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)物質(zhi)處理(li)流體(ti)(ti)(ti)混合(he)物時,流體(ti)(ti)(ti)中的某一組分或某些組分可被吸(xi)表面并濃集(ji)其上(shang),此現(xian)象(xiang)稱為(wei)吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)。吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)處理(li)廢氣(qi)(qi)(qi)時,吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)的對象(xiang)是氣(qi)(qi)(qi)態污染物,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)固(gu)吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)。被吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)的氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)組分稱為(wei)吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)質(zhi),多孔固(gu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)物質(zhi)稱為(wei)吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)劑。
固體(ti)表面吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)了吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)質后,一部被吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)質可從吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)劑(ji)表面脫離(li),此現(xian)附(fu)(fu)。而當吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)進(jin)行一段時間(jian)后,由于表面吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)質的(de)(de)濃集(ji),使(shi)其吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)能力(li)明(ming)顯下降(jiang)而吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)凈化(hua)的(de)(de)要求(qiu),此時需要采用(yong)一定的(de)(de)措施(shi)使(shi)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)劑(ji)上已吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)質脫附(fu)(fu),以協的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)能力(li),這個(ge)過程稱(cheng)為吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)劑(ji)的(de)(de)再生(sheng)。因此在實際吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)工(gong)程中(zhong),正是(shi)利用(yong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)一再生(sheng)一再吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)循環過程,達到除去(qu)廢氣(qi)中(zhong)污染物質并回收廢氣(qi)中(zhong)有用(yong)組分(fen)。