在用(yong)多孔(kong)性固體物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)處理(li)流(liu)體混合物(wu)(wu)時(shi),流(liu)體中的某一組(zu)分(fen)或某些組(zu)分(fen)可被吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)表面并濃集其上(shang),此(ci)現象稱(cheng)為(wei)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附。吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附處理(li)廢(fei)氣(qi)時(shi),吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附的對(dui)象是氣(qi)態(tai)污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu),氣(qi)固吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附。被吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附的氣(qi)體組(zu)分(fen)稱(cheng)為(wei)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附質(zhi),多孔(kong)固體物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)稱(cheng)為(wei)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附劑。
固體表面(mian)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)了吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)質后,一部被吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)的吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)質可從吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)劑表面(mian)脫(tuo)離(li),此(ci)現附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。而當吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)進行一段時間后,由(you)于(yu)表面(mian)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)質的濃集,使其(qi)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)能力明顯下(xia)降而吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)凈(jing)化的要(yao)求,此(ci)時需(xu)要(yao)采用一定(ding)的措施使吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)劑上已吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)的吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)質脫(tuo)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),以(yi)協的吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)能力,這個(ge)過(guo)程(cheng)稱(cheng)為吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)劑的再生。因此(ci)在(zai)實際吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)工程(cheng)中(zhong),正是利用吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一再生一再吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)的循環過(guo)程(cheng),達到除(chu)去廢(fei)氣中(zhong)污(wu)染物質并(bing)回(hui)收廢(fei)氣中(zhong)有用組分。